We Think Other People Are Better Than Us

“No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.”

We are suffered from depression at a point in our life, and also have suffered from low esteem pretty much all the time. It’s not an abnormal trait that comparing ourselves to others. Especially in women because our brain is terrifically inventive, at our worst, we can find literally any thing as a proof that another woman is better than us.

Like, she’s is beautiful. She has nice physics. She has successful carrier.  She has lots of money. She has nice cloths. She has brown eyes. She has blue eyes. All wasteful comparison stuff which we are comparing with others.

U know many times our thoughts would be like this how does she has the so much money? How does she have the energy to make herself look so fashionable? In our mind there is lots of such question which feels our self comparing.

Many times we feel ashamed of our own appearance by comparison. It’s really horrible that we mention close minded about the other women. We didn’t know their circumstances, their personality but we saw the outside and believed that it looked better than us.

They are just people. It’s us who thinks that they are better than us. We are the people who judge that one of us is prettier, more successful, and happier. We make all these comparison and then berate my selves, first for being a lesser being then them.  And then latter for being irrational and silly.

But as it our reaction, our brain we have the power to do something about this. As with all insecurities, thought patterns, habits: it takes lots of work and practices and self forgiveness to teach ourselves to genuinely see our own awesomeness. For some of us it will be our life’s project. J    

Just remember one thing we all are unique personality and a good sense of humor. If we work on our self-esteem and realize how lovely we are J then others, people won’t seem so threatening. Be kind, gentle, and nurturing to ourselves and we will feel less of a need to make comparison.

SEBI Guidelines For Issue of Securities

SEBI Guidelines For Issue of Securities

The Government has set up the securities Exchange Board Of India in April, 1988. for more than three years.SEBI has issued Guidelines From time to time. such guidelines are issued separately for new issue market, stock exchange, mutual funds, merchant banks, registrar and transfer agent, underwriter, broker, sub broker, portfolio manager etc.  The criteria and eligibility requirement for each category are separately set out by the SEBI.

Free entry and free pricing of new issue in the capital market subject to observance of some guidelines :-

1. minimum public offer of 25% of paid up capital; latter reduces to 20% to be eligible for listing on stock exchange out of which half is reserved for investor applying for Rs. 10000 and less.
2. minimum subscription by promoters and director at 25% or issue less than Rs100 crores and 20% for paid up capital of more than 100 crores.
3. preferential allotment of FFIs is subject to ceiling of 30% later reduced to 20% and lock in period of five years.
4. FFI and foreign security are allowed to operate both in the new issue market and stock market but through Indian bankers.
5. stock invest was introduced as a mode of making payment replacing cash and cheque.
6. applying for shares and debentures. this will save loss of interest for investor from the time of applicants to the time of allotment.

SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

what is Small Scale Industries?

The meaning or definition of Small Scale Industries varies from one country to another. in most of the countries the criteria for defining a Small Scale Industries relates to the size of employment or capital or both.
In India, the ministry of commerce and industries defined a Small Scale Industries as a unit with a capital investment of not more than Rs. 5 lakhs irrespective of the number of person employed.

The Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) adopts an expanded definition of SSIs which includes traditional industries as well :-

• Small Scale Industries undertaking which are engaged in the manufacture, processing or preservation of goods in which the investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 1 crore . 
• tiny enterprises whose investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakhs 
• powerlooms
• the decentalised  and informal sector like hand looms, handicraft coir etc.
• the industry related services/ business enterprises which are notified as such.

 Advantages of Small Scale Industries :-

1.   Small Scale Industries can be started as per convenience of the owner in terms of space, finance ,product and manpower.
2. the setting up of the unit and starting of production requires a small gestation period of only 2 to 6 months
3. locality available skilled and semi-skilled people can be appointed at short notice and at a much lower wages compared to the medium and large industries.
4. some Small Scale Industries do not require a high level of technology.
5. Small Scale Industries are generally labour intensive.
6. It is one of the best of self employment as well as giving employment opportunity to own kith and kin, friends or relatives etc.
7. in case of rural sector the SSI unit will be able to have cheaper labour especially in off seasons.
8. Small Scale Enterprises in developing countries help to create economic stability in society by diffusing prosperity and by checking the expansion of monopolies.

Contact Costing

Contact Costing, also known as terminal costing, is a variant of job costing. In this method of costing, each contract is a cost unit and an account is opened for each contract in the books of contractor to ascertain profits/loss thereon.

Features of Contract Costing :- contract costing usually shows the following features :-

1. contracts are generally of large size and therefore, a contractor usually carries out a small number of contracts at a particular point of time.
2. A contracts generally take more than one year to complete 
3. work on contracts is carried out at the site of contracts and not in a factory premises.
4. each contract undertaken is treated a cost unit.
5. A separate contract account is prepared for each contracts in the books of contractor to the ascertain profit or loss on each contract.
6. nearly all labour cost will be direct .
7. most expenses (e.g. electricity, telephone, insurance, etc.) are also direct.
8. specialist sub contractors may be employed for say , electrical fittings, welding work, glass work, etc.
9. plant and equipment may be purchased for the contract or may be hired for the duration of the contract.

  Procedure :-     the basic procedure of contract costing is as follow :-

1. Contract Accounting :- each contract is allotted a distinct number and a separate account is opened for each contract.
2. Direct Cost :- most of the cost of a contract can be allocated direct to the contract. all such direct cost are debited to the contract account. direct cost for contracts include-    

• materials
• labour and supervision
• direct expences
• depreciation of plant and machinary
• sub- contract cost etc.

 3. Transfer of materials or plant :- when material ,plants or other items are transferred from the contract. the contract account is credited by that amount.

4. Contract Price :-  the contract account is also credited with the contract price. however, when a contract is not completed at the end of the financial year, the contract account is credited with the value of work-in- progress as on that day.

5. Profit or Loss on Contract :- the balance of contract account represents profit and loss which is transferred to profit and loss account. however, when contract is not completed within the financial year , only a part of the profit arrived is taken in to the remaining profit is kept as reserve to meet any contingent loss on the incomplete portion of the contract.

Relationship Between Bankers and Customers

Special Relationship Between Bankers and Customers

The special relationship between bankers and customers takes the form of rights which the bankers can exercise and the obligations which he owes to his customers. these rights and obligation are discussed below:-

A) Rights of Bankers :- the bankers enjoys several rights while dealing with customers. these rights are as follows-
1) right to Lien:- bankers has the right of general lien in respect of the amount due to him by customer.
lien is a right of a person to retain that which is in his possession and which belongs to another, until the demands of the person in possession are satisfied. lien gives to a person only a right to retain the possession of the goods and not the power to sell unless such a right is expressly conferred by the statue(e.g. unpaid seller) or by custom or usage.

there are two kinds of Lien:-
 a) Particular Lien:- it's attached to some specific goods. it is a right to retain possession over particular goods in connection with which the debt arose. it is restricted to those goods which are the subject matter of the contract and are liable for certain demands of the person in possession of those goods.

b) General Lien:- it entitles a person to retain possession of goods belonging to another for a general balance of account. it will entitle a person in possession of goods to retain them until all claims of account of the person in possession against the owners of goods are satisfied.

2) Right Of Set Off :- under general law is statutory Right of a debtor to set-off any amount due to him from the creditor in order to arrive at the net amount due from him to the creditor. this right is available only if both the amounts are certain, actually due between the same persons and if there is no agreement between them contrary to the right to st-off. in the other words, the mutual claims of a debtor and creditor are adjusted together and only the remainder amount is payable by the debtor.
it arises in the following cases :-

• on the death, insolvency or insanity of customer.
• on the insolvency of a partner .
• on the winding up a company.
• on receipt of garnishee order.

B) Obligation of Bankers :- bankers are under the obligations fulfill certain duties while dealing with customers. such obligations are:
1) Obligation to honor customer's cheques:- when a person opens an account with the banker, the latter undertakes to honour the cheques drawn by his customer so long as the fund belonging to him are sufficient and available for this purpose.
2) Obligation to Maintain Secrecy :-the banker is bound by duty of secrecy regarding his dealings with his customers. This duty is contractual in nature and is one of the implied terms on which banker -customer relationship is built.
by secrecy is meant that the account book of the bank will not be thrown open to the public or government official and the banker will take all necessary precautions for ensuring that the state of affairs of customer's account is not made known to others by any means.

Did You Appreciate Yourself ?

 " If we don't stand for our-self, no one else will."

Today world we didn't find a person easily who appreciate themselves! They always blame own self or if he couldn't do this then they blames others.it's genuine human nature. its hard to appreciate others but appreciate yourself is harder than , appreciate others.

At the time we were kids we were surrounded so much with attention. People would always say to us how cute we are, how smart...etc.

In a grown up world things are differently. People don't give you that much attention and they don't compliment you that often. And if you are a person that wants approval from the others you might feel miserable. But just because others don't say how great you are, doesn't mean that they are are right. In fact the y believe that you are better, but there is nothing worse than jealousy.
appreciation  helps you grow and contribute to the world

(appreciation) i mean to say appreciate yourself is the best way to motivate yourself to getting achievements of your life. you know but today people are not so interested to motivate you, to appreciate you, so we can do a simple thing that we can at least appreciate our self. it will take only1 second! 
so take a time to appreciate yourself at least.

no one see this, if by chance some one will see you to do this and laugh at you, comment on you , don't worry be continue with this activity (appreciation). i mean appreciate them , who laugh at you and comment on you and say thanks to them, and also say that they brings lots of  confidence in you to do such activity (appreciation).  

you know what! appreciation gives you lots of encouragement, motivation and pushing you to obtain your achievement.
  now I’m not talking about appreciating the miracle of life—although it’s obviously an awesome thing. I’m talking about actually appreciating all the good things you’ve done for you and the world.

see one thing everyone lies with you but your soul don't.
so when you do good things your soul will  automatically say this (wah) woo you done this. if your soul say this then why aren't you ????
if you will appreciate others then automatically your heart say this "wah beta you done this job!! that you appreciate others and make them happy ". its a another way to proud or appreciate yourself.

Entrepreneurship; what is it?

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

First we understand what is entrepreneur?

although no single definition exist for entrepreneur and no one profile can represent today's entrepreneur, research is providing an increasingly sharper focus on the subject. so An entrepreneur as an Innovator who carries out new combination to initiate the process of economic development through introduction of new products, new markets, conquest of new sources of raw material and establishment of an new organization of industry. 

The characteristics of   entrepreneur are:-

1) He has got strong desire to achieve higher goals.
2) He should have a clear objectives as to the exact nature of the goods to be produce and subsidiaries activities to be taken..
3)An entrepreneur must be reasonably intelligent and should have creative thinking and must be able to engage in the analysis of various problems and situations in order to deal with them.
4) An entrepreneur are always positive in their actions.
5) start- up  entrepreneurs face uncertainty compounded by constant changes that introduce ambiguity and stress in to every aspect of the enterprise.

NOW we come to know about Entrepreneurship?

Entrepreneurship  is the process of  creating something new with values by devoting the necessary time and efforts, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic, and social risk, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence.

The characteristics of   Entrepreneurship are:-

1)  Entrepreneurship is a creative activity. it means doing something new or something different and creative.
2) Entrepreneurship exist under conditions of risk and uncertainty. the two are not same RISK refers to the variability of outcomes ( or returns). and UNCERTAINTY refers to the confidence. so it means Entrepreneurship  learning from mistakes and failures .
3) activity of Decision Making.
4) Entrepreneurship is a process of Motivation.
5) Entrepreneurship is the crux of Leadership.